🔹 Parts of Speech
📍 8 Building Blocks of Grammar
Every sentence is built on 8 powerful parts: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Think of them as the DNA of language—once you know what each does, grammar becomes your superpower.
📍Is “Fast” an Adjective or an Adverb?
It depends!
– “She’s a fast runner.” (adjective)
– “She runs fast.” (adverb)
English words often wear more than one hat—context tells you which one.
🔹 Sentence Structures
📍Sentences That Flow
Short. Long. Balanced. Mixed.
Using a variety of sentence types—simple, compound, complex—keeps your writing smooth and engaging. The structure you choose affects tone, clarity, and exam marks.
📍Break the Monotony
Avoid robot-speak in writing! Instead of “I walked. I stopped. I left,” try: “After walking for hours, I stopped briefly and left without a word.” Good writing = rhythm + variation.
🔹 Tenses & Verb Forms
📍Mastering Time in Writing
“I walk, I walked, I have walked” — the difference matters! Each tense tells a different story. Keep your timelines clean and your verbs consistent to score high in narrative and descriptive writing.
📍Passive Isn’t the Enemy
“The vase was broken by the cat.”
Sometimes, the doer isn’t important. Passive voice can add mystery, formality, or focus. Just don’t overuse it in your exam essays.
🔹 Punctuation & Capitalization
📍Save Lives with a Comma
“I love cooking, my family and dogs” or
“I love cooking, my family, and dogs”?
One Oxford comma makes all the difference. Punctuation = clarity!
📍Don’t Capitalize Just to Look Fancy
Capitalize proper nouns, book titles, the word “I,” and sentence starters. Not every Pretty Word needs a capital letter. Precision earns points!
🔹 Modifiers & Word Order
📍Beware the Danglers!
“While driving, the mountain looked beautiful.”
(Was the mountain driving?)
Make sure modifiers clearly link to what they’re describing—or risk confusing (and amusing) your reader.
📍Word Order Changes Meaning
“She only said he could leave.”
“Only she said he could leave.”
“Only he could leave, she said.”
Same words. Different meaning. Word order isn’t just grammar—it’s power.
🔹 Common Errors to Avoid
📍Affect vs. Effect—Quick Fix
“Affect” = usually a verb (to influence).
“Effect” = usually a noun (a result).
🔁 Tip: “The movie affected me deeply” vs “The movie had a strong effect.” Learn this pair. It’s a classic exam trap.
📍Watch for Comma Splices!
“She ran, he followed.” ❌
“She ran. He followed.” ✔
“She ran, and he followed.” ✔
Don’t glue two full sentences with just a comma—fix it like a pro.
🔹 Grammar in Context
📍Grammar Is a Style Tool
Authors break grammar rules for effect—fragments for drama, long sentences for flow, repetition for rhythm. Understand the rules so you know exactly when (and why) to bend them.
📍Want to Improve Fast? Edit Sentences
Try this:
“she dont like the way it work.”
Fix it: “She doesn’t like the way it works.”
Little corrections = big gains. One sentence a day = sharper grammar for life.