Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct speech involves quoting someone’s exact words, while indirect speech involves paraphrasing.
- Direct Speech: “She said, ‘I will help you.’”
- Indirect Speech: “She said that she would help me.”
Gerunds and Infinitives
- Gerunds are verbs acting as nouns, ending in “-ing” (e.g., “Running is fun.”).
- Infinitives are verbs in their basic form, preceded by “to” (e.g., “I want to run.”).
Sentence Fragments and Run-On Sentences
- Sentence Fragments: Incomplete sentences that lack a subject or a verb (e.g., “Because I was late”).
- Run-On Sentences: Two or more independent clauses incorrectly joined without punctuation (e.g., “I like coffee I drink it every morning.”).